Lower Limb Arterial Diseases (PAD): Reduced Blood Flow to Your Legs

Lower Limb Arterial Diseases, commonly known as Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD), occur when the arteries supplying blood to your legs become narrowed or blocked. This reduces oxygen-rich blood flow, leading to pain, weakness, and serious complications if untreated. PAD is usually caused by atherosclerosis—plaque buildup in the arteries— and requires timely diagnosis to prevent limb-threatening conditions.

Causes of Lower Limb Arterial Diseases

The most common cause is atherosclerosis, but other factors include:

• Smoking or long-term tobacco use.
• High cholesterol and triglycerides.
• Diabetes leading to arterial damage.
• High blood pressure (hypertension).
• Genetic factors and aging.

Symptoms of PAD

• Claudication: Pain or cramping in legs during walking, relieved by rest.
• Numbness, weakness, or heaviness in legs.
• Cold feet or pale skin due to poor blood flow.
• Slow-healing wounds or ulcers on feet or toes.
• Severe cases may lead to rest pain or gangrene.

Diagnosis

Early diagnosis helps prevent complications like limb loss. Tests include:

• Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) to measure blood flow.
• Doppler ultrasound to check for artery narrowing.
• CT/MR angiography to visualize blockages.
• Digital subtraction angiography for precise assessment.

Treatment Options

1. Lifestyle & Medical Management

• Medications to improve blood flow and prevent clots.
• Cholesterol control and diabetes management.
• Smoking cessation programs.
• Guided exercise therapy for leg circulation.

2. Minimally Invasive Endovascular Procedures

• Angioplasty to open narrowed arteries.
• Stent placement to keep arteries open.
• Atherectomy to remove plaque buildup.

3. Surgical Treatment

• Bypass surgery to reroute blood around blocked arteries.
• Treatment of non-healing ulcers or gangrene.

Why Early Treatment Matters

Ignoring PAD can lead to severe complications such as chronic wounds, infections, and limb-threatening ischemia. Early intervention restores blood flow, relieves pain, prevents amputation, and improves overall mobility and quality of life.

At our vascular clinic, we provide comprehensive care for all stages of Peripheral Arterial Disease using advanced diagnostics and modern endovascular treatments. If you are experiencing leg pain, numbness, or slow-healing foot wounds, book a consultation today for expert evaluation and personalized treatment.